COVID-19 pandemic impact on clinical outcomes of patients with obstructive pyelonephritis.

PURPOSE: Obstructive pyelonephritis is a common urologic emergency that requires prompt decompression of the collecting system. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed patient flow and healthcare strategies at numerous emergency departments across Brazil with still unknown consequences for the population. This study sought to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on clinical outcomes in patients with acute obstructive pyelonephritis at a tertiary academic center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective chart review of patients who required decompression of the collecting system due to acute obstructive pyelonephritis from June 2019 to July 2020 was conducted. Basic demographic information, pre-operative, and peri-operative data were recorded. Patients were assigned in "Pre-Covid" and "Post-Covid" groups based on the admission dates. RESULTS: A total of 63 patients were included, with 40 patients in the Pre-Covid group and 23 in the Post-Covid group. Patients from the Post-Covid group presented at the ER later after symptoms onset (7.8 vs. 4.3 days; p = 0.012), had higher rates of SIRS (57% vs. 25%; p = 0.012), perirenal abscesses (13% vs. 0%; p = 0.019), overall complications (p = 0.047) and presented longer hospital length of stay (7.6 vs. 3.8; p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with acute obstructive pyelonephritis presented later for evaluation at the ER, had higher disease severity and longer hospital length of stay when compared to the pre-COVID group of patients with the same pathology.

Current scenario of endourological treatment of kidney stones in brazil: results of a national survey

ABSTRACT Objective: To elucidate the current scenario of endourology in Brazil for the treatment of urinary lithiasis, with an emphasis on regional differences and the reasons why certain techniques are still underutilized. Materials and Methods: An electronic questionnaire was sent by email to the 4,745 members of the Brazilian Urological Society (BSU) in 2016 to collect information on the 3 main endourological procedures used in the treatment of nephrolithiasis: Semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS), Flexible ureteroscopy (F-URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL). Results: A total of 1,267 urologists answered the questionnaire. It was observed that the vast majority perform URS (95.6%), while 80.2% perform F-URS and only 72.1% perform PCNL. Regarding the surgical volume, most perform up to 10 procedures per month (73.4% to 88.2%) and the main impediment was the lack of patients with the pathology (42.1% to 67.7%). The lack of equipment or hospital infrastructure was one of the main limiting factors for rigid (23%) and flexible (38.1%) URS, mainly in the North and Northeast regions of the country. Regarding PCNL, most of them reported lack of practical experience in the method (29.9%). Finally, most urologists expressed interest in taking courses in endourology. Conclusion: Ureteroscopy, rigid or flexible, is already well established in the country, requiring the direction of more resources for its practice, especially in less developed regions. Regarding PCNL a significant part of Brazilian urologists still lack practical experience in this procedure, emphasizing the need for greater investment in teaching this technique.

Current scenario of endourological treatment of kidney stones in brazil: results of a national survey.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the current scenario of endourology in Brazil for the treatment of urinary lithiasis, with an emphasis on regional differences and the reasons why certain techniques are still underutilized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic questionnaire was sent by email to the 4,745 members of the Brazilian Urological Society (BSU) in 2016 to collect information on the 3 main endourological procedures used in the treatment of nephrolithiasis: Semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS), Flexible ureteroscopy (F-URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL). RESULTS: A total of 1,267 urologists answered the questionnaire. It was observed that the vast majority perform URS (95.6%), while 80.2% perform F-URS and only 72.1% perform PCNL. Regarding the surgical volume, most perform up to 10 procedures per month (73.4% to 88.2%) and the main impediment was the lack of patients with the pathology (42.1% to 67.7%). The lack of equipment or hospital infrastructure was one of the main limiting factors for rigid (23%) and flexible (38.1%) URS, mainly in the North and Northeast regions of the country. Regarding PCNL, most of them reported lack of practical experience in the method (29.9%). Finally, most urologists expressed interest in taking courses in endourology. CONCLUSION: Ureteroscopy, rigid or flexible, is already well established in the country, requiring the direction of more resources for its practice, especially in less developed regions. Regarding PCNL a significant part of Brazilian urologists still lack practical experience in this procedure, emphasizing the need for greater investment in teaching this technique.

Ureterocalicostomy with lower pole nephrectomy in a renal transplant: A case report.

As the number of kidney transplants continues to rise, so does the number and complexities of surgical-related complications, which may be associated with increased morbidity and potentially graft loss. Ureteral stenosis, the most prevalent urological complication, may require diverse techniques for surgical correction depending on several recipient and graft abnormalities. Here we report the surgical and clinical outcomes of a 62-year-old man with a posttransplant pyeloureterostomy stricture successfully treated with ureterocalicostomy after a lower pole nephrectomy. Although the resection of renal parenchyma may prevent a stenosis recurrence, surgeons can be reluctant to use this strategy due to the possible negative impact on renal function. We highlight some key steps of the surgical technique to prevent unnecessary allograft lesion and present short-term outcomes, suggesting that this rarely described procedure is a safe and effective alternative treatment for kidney transplant recipients with pyeloureterostomy stenosis.

Flexible ureterorenoscopy in position or fusion anomaly: Is it feasible?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) with holmium laser in the treatment of kidney stones with ectopic and fusion anomalies (horseshoe kidney and rotation anomalies). METHOD: We reviewed data from 13 patients with fusion and ectopic renal anomalies that underwent F-URS from April 2011 to April 2017. We analyzed demographic and clinical data (age, gender, BMI, anatomical abnormality, location and dimension of the renal calculi) and perioperative data (method of treatment, stone-free rate, number of days with DJ catheter and perioperative complications). RESULTS: The mean stone size was 12.23 +/- 5.43 mm (range 6-22mm), located in the inferior (58.33%) and middle (16.76%) calyceal units, renal pelvis (16.67%) and multiple locations (8.33%). All 13 patients were treated with Ho-Yag laser, using dusting technique (25%), fragmentation and extraction of the calculi (58.33%) and mixed technique (16.67%). We did not have any severe perioperative complication. After 90 days, nine patients (75%) were considered stone free. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that F-URS is a safe and feasible choice for the treatment of kidney stones in patients with renal ectopic and fusion anomalies.

Is a safety guidewire needed for retrograde ureteroscopy?

INTRODUCTION: It is generally advised to have a safety guidewire (SGW) present during ureteroscopy (URS) to manage possible complications. However, it increases the strenght needed to insert and retract the endoscope during the procedure, and, currently, there is a lack of solid data supporting the need for SGW in all procedures. We reviewed the literature about SGW utilization during URS. METHOD: A review of the literature was conducted through April 2017 using PubMed, Ovid, and The Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies. The primary outcome was to report stone-free rates, feasibility, contraindications to and complications of performing intrarenal retrograde flexible and semi-rigid URS without the use of a SGW. RESULTS: Six studies were identified and selected for this review, and overall they included 1,886 patients where either semi-rigid or flexible URS was performed without the use of a SGW for the treatment of urinary calculi disease. Only one study reported stone-free rates with or without SGW at 77.1 and 85.9%, respectively (p=0.001). None of the studies showed increased rates of complications in the absence of SGW and one of them showed more post-endoscopic ureteral stenosis whenever SGW was routinely used. All studies recommended utilization of SGW in complicated cases, such as ureteral stones associated with significant edema, ureteral stricture, abnormal anatomy or difficult visualization. CONCLUSION: Our review showed a lack of relevant data supporting the use of SGW during retrograde URS. A well-designed prospective randomized trial is in order.

Flexible ureterorenoscopy in position or fusion anomaly: Is it feasible? / Ureterorrenolitotripsia flexível no tratamento de cálculos em rins anômalos: Qual a viabilidade?

Summary Objective: To analyze the results of flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) with holmium laser in the treatment of kidney stones with ectopic and fusion anomalies (horseshoe kidney and rotation anomalies). Method: We reviewed data from 13 patients with fusion and ectopic renal anomalies that underwent F-URS from April 2011 to April 2017. We analyzed demographic and clinical data (age, gender, BMI, anatomical abnormality, location and dimension of the renal calculi) and perioperative data (method of treatment, stone-free rate, number of days with DJ catheter and perioperative complications). Results: The mean stone size was 12.23 +/- 5.43 mm (range 6-22mm), located in the inferior (58.33%) and middle (16.76%) calyceal units, renal pelvis (16.67%) and multiple locations (8.33%). All 13 patients were treated with Ho-Yag laser, using dusting technique (25%), fragmentation and extraction of the calculi (58.33%) and mixed technique (16.67%). We did not have any severe perioperative complication. After 90 days, nine patients (75%) were considered stone free. Conclusion: Our data suggest that F-URS is a safe and feasible choice for the treatment of kidney stones in patients with renal ectopic and fusion anomalies.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar os resultados da ureterorrenolitotripsia flexível (ULT-F) no tratamento de cálculos em rins com anomalia de posição e de fusão (rins em ferradura e rins com vício de rotação). Método: Realizamos a coleta prospectiva dos dados de 13 pacientes com anomalias de fusão e de posição submetidos a ULT-F entre abril de 2011 e abril de 2017. Analisaram-se dados clínicos (idade, gênero, IMC, anormalidades anatômicas, dimensão e localização dos cálculos) e perioperatórios (método de tratamento do cálculo, índice de stone free, tempo de cateter DJ e complicações perioperatórias). Resultados: Nos 13 pacientes, os cálculos mediam em média 12,23 mm +/- 5,43 mm (variando de 6 a 22 mm), em sua maioria distribuídos em apenas um grupo calicinal (58.33% em grupo calicial inferior, 16.67% em grupo calicial médio, 16,67% em pelve e 8,33% em múltiplos cálices). Todos os pacientes foram tratados com utilização de laser Ho-Yag, com fragmentação e retirada de cálculos em sete casos (58,33%), pulverização em três casos (25%) e técnica mista em dois casos (16,67%). Não houve complicações intraoperatórias ou pós-operatórias graves. Após 90 dias, nove pacientes tornaram-se stone free (75%). Conclusão: A ULT-F apresenta-se como método seguro e eficaz no tratamento de litíase em rins com anomalia de posição e de fusão.

Is a safety guidewire needed for retrograde ureteroscopy? / Fio guia de segurança é necessário na ureteroscopia?

Summary Introduction: It is generally advised to have a safety guidewire (SGW) present during ureteroscopy (URS) to manage possible complications. However, it increases the strenght needed to insert and retract the endoscope during the procedure, and, currently, there is a lack of solid data supporting the need for SGW in all procedures. We reviewed the literature about SGW utilization during URS. Method: A review of the literature was conducted through April 2017 using PubMed, Ovid, and The Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies. The primary outcome was to report stone-free rates, feasibility, contraindications to and complications of performing intrarenal retrograde flexible and semi-rigid URS without the use of a SGW. Results: Six studies were identified and selected for this review, and overall they included 1,886 patients where either semi-rigid or flexible URS was performed without the use of a SGW for the treatment of urinary calculi disease. Only one study reported stone-free rates with or without SGW at 77.1 and 85.9%, respectively (p=0.001). None of the studies showed increased rates of complications in the absence of SGW and one of them showed more post-endoscopic ureteral stenosis whenever SGW was routinely used. All studies recommended utilization of SGW in complicated cases, such as ureteral stones associated with significant edema, ureteral stricture, abnormal anatomy or difficult visualization. Conclusion: Our review showed a lack of relevant data supporting the use of SGW during retrograde URS. A well-designed prospective randomized trial is in order.

Resumo Introdução: O uso de fio guia de segurança (FGS) costuma ser recomendado para a realização de ureteroscopia para prevenir e solucionar complicações durante o procedimento. Seu uso, porém, aumenta a força necessária para manipular o aparelho endoscópico dentro da luz ureteral e, atualmente, existe uma carência de dados consistentes que indiquem o uso do FGS em todos os procedimentos. Método: Uma revisão da literatura foi realizada em abril de 2017 utilizando as ferramentas PubMed, Ovid e The Cochrane Library para identificar estudos relevantes. O desfecho primário da análise foi reportar taxas de resolução dos cálculos, viabilidade, contraindicações e complicações relacionadas ao não uso do FGS. Resultados: Seis estudos foram incluídos na análise, totalizando 1.886 pacientes, nos quais foi realizada ureteroscopia semirrígida ou flexível sem o uso do FGS no tratamento de cálculos renais ou ureterais. Somente um estudo relatou taxa livre de cálculos com ou sem FGS, sendo 77,1 e 85,9%, respectivamente (p=0.001). Todos os estudos mostraram não haver aumento da taxa de complicação na ausência do FGS e um deles relatou aumento de estenose ureteral pós-endoscopia no grupo que utilizou o FGS. Todos os estudos recomendam o uso do FGS em casos complicados, como cálculos ureterais associados a edema de mucosa, estenose ureteral, anomalias anatômicas ou dificuldade de visualização do cálculo. Conclusão: Nossa revisão mostrou que faltam dados relevantes para justificar o uso do FGS durante a ureteroscopia.

Adjuvant Effect of IV Clodronate on the Delay of Bone Metastasis in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study.

PURPOSE: High-risk prostate cancer patients undergoing treatment often experience biochemical recurrence. The use of bisphosphonates as an adjuvant treatment delays skeletal events, yet whether or not bisphosphonates also delay metastastic development remains to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 140 high-risk prostate cancer patients who were undergoing definitive treatment and who had clinically organ-confined disease and who suffered from biochemical recurrence were administered intravenous (IV) clodronate. The patients were treated with a radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP) or curative radiotherapy (RTx). Upon androgen deprivation therapy initiation, tri-monthly IV clodronate was added to the treatment to prevent bone demineralization. Twenty-six out of 60 operated cases and 45 out of 80 irradiated cases received bisphosphonate. The length of time until the first bone metastasis was recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found for the type of primary treatment (RP or RTx) on the time to the first bone metastasis (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40 to 2.43; p=0.98). However, there was a clear advantage favoring the group that received bisphosphonate (p<0.001). The addition of bisphosphonate delayed the appearance of the first bone metastasis by seven-fold (95% CI, 3.1 to 15.4; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Treatment with tri-monthly IV clodronate delayed the time to the first bone metastasis in high-risk prostate cancer patients who were experiencing an increase in the prostate specific antigen level after definitive treatment.

Slings may not fail as frequently as believed for stress urinary incontinence: the misinterpretation of postoperative voiding dysfunction as failure based on patient report.

OBJECTIVE: : Sling operations may obstruct the urethra, promoting voiding dysfunction and secondary urine leakage that are incorrectly attributed to surgical failure. METHODS: : We prospectively evaluated the evolution of urinary symptoms in the postoperative follow-up of 108 polypropylene sling cases. Patients presented for follow-up at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 months for review of individual urinary symptoms. Statistical analysis used Fisher exact test. RESULTS: : On the 30th postoperative day, 100% of the cases were cured of stress urinary incontinence, although frequency (62.9%), urgency (29.6%), urge-incontinence (23.1%), nocturia (28.6%), incomplete voiding sensation (11.1%), and poor stream (11.1%) persisted. At 3 months, 16.6% reported frequency, 38% complained of urgency, and 29.6% were troubled by nocturia. True urinary leakage under stress was resolved in 100% of cases by the first visit and did not show any further decrease when specifically questioned. Pad usage decreased after 3 months but did not completely disappear after 48 months. A total of 94.4% of the cases achieved total continence and clinical satisfaction after 4 years of follow-up, in parallel with the steady disappearance of voiding dysfunction observed in the early postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: : Voiding dysfunction after sling procedures is frequent but transitory. As symptoms improve or disappear, patients tend to miss their follow-up. In this study, 94.4% of the cases had complete dryness and satisfaction with the operation.

Outline of 3,830 male patients referred to urodynamic evaluation for lower urinary tract symptoms: how common is infravesical outlet obstruction?

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of bladder outlet obstruction in men has been overestimated leading to improper clinical results after transurethral resection of the prostate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 3,830 consecutive male cases submitted for urodynamic evaluation were prospectively analyzed using a Schaefer nomogram. The prevalence of detrusor overactivity and the occurrence of obstruction were prospectively studied using standardized urodynamic practice. RESULTS: Infravesical obstruction was diagnosed in 44.8% of the studied population: 0.7% of the obstructed cases were obstructed at the sphincter zone and 7.9% showed obstruction as a high-pressure, high-flow-rate pattern. Detrusor overactivity was demonstrated in 73.9% of the obstructed cases and in 22% of the unobstructed. Older patients (>60 years) seemed more likely (odds ratio: 2.8) to present detrusor overactivity, but at the same time showed less frequent obstruction. The oldest subjects (>80 years) showed a lower prevalence of obstruction, although overactive bladder was a common finding. CONCLUSION: Infravesical obstruction is less frequent than previously stated. The common assumption that obstruction is the cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men is wrong. Older men are more likely to suffer from detrusor overactivity resulting from lower urinary tract symptoms rather than infravesical obstruction. Urodynamic studies seem to be crucial for a proper diagnosis in men considered candidates for surgical treatment.

Comparative study of the protective effect of different intravenous bisphosphonates on the decrease in bone mineral density in patients submitted to radical prostatectomy undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. A prospective open-label controlled study.

OBJECTIVES: To establish whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) promotes osteoporosis and osteopenia METHODS: Ninety-four prostatectomized men with rising prostrate-specific antigen (PSA) were enrolled into the placebo group (31), monthly i.v. clodronate (39) or monthly i.v. zoledronic acid (24) groups for 36 months. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured the bone density in the lumbar (L2-L4) area. chi(2) and anova tests were used to analyze data.. RESULTS: After 6 months of androgen deprivation, 17 of the 31 control cases developed osteopenia in the lumbar area. At 12 months, nine control cases had osteoporosis with 13 additional cases of osteopenia. At the end of the 36-month study period, the untreated group showed an average bone mineral density (BMD) loss of -1.82 (+/-0.94) with 13 cases of osteopenia and 18 cases of osteoporosis. The clodronate group had two cases of osteoporosis out of 39 subjects after 6 months of ADT with 28 developing osteopenia and seven cases of osteoporosis after 36 months of follow up. Mean BMD loss in this group was -0.72 (+/-0.34). The zoledronic acid studied arm had seven cases of osteopenia after 6 months of ADT while 20 and five cases developed osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively, after 36 months of follow up. The former group had a mean bone loss of -0.88 (+/-0.32). There was statistical difference for BMD loss in the treated groups starting at 6 months in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Six months of ADT promoted impressive bone loss in the lumbar area of the non-treated patients. This tendency is progressive and may be delayed by i.v. bisphosphonates.

A randomized and prospective study on the value of antibiotic prophylaxis administration in transurethral resection of the prostate.

CONTEXT: Antibiotic prophylaxis in transurethral resection of the prostate is a regular practice in urology. However, its prophylactic effect can be questioned when the antiseptic surgical technique is used. Nonetheless, urine culture-oriented antibiotic therapy is the gold standard for avoiding improper medication usage and bacterial resistance. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of antibiotic usage in patients with negative urine cultures, who were submitted to transurethral resection of the prostate. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective open labeled study. SETTING: Tertiary care referral hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 124 consecutive patients, who were randomly divided into two groups to receive antibiotic prophylaxis or not. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Cultures from meatus, urine, irrigation and antiseptic fluid, and prostate tissue chips, were compared and analyzed for bacterial sensitivity to the antibiotic used, according to the surgeon's personal criteria. McLennan's test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference regarding clinical evolution was found between the groups that received or antibiotics or not. Statistical significance was found regarding the occurrence of positive urine cultures during the postoperative period for those not receiving antibiotics, but not in relation to fever, prostate chip culture or bacteremic episodes. Sixty-eight subjects (57.1%) presented positive prostatic tissue culture. There was no specific correlation between the recovered bacteria from the meatus, prostatic tissue chip and urine and the spectrum of the administered antibiotic. Six cases showed the same bacteria in the urine and prostatic tissue chip. Only fifteen cases (25%) in the antibiotic group showed the desired sensitivity directed to the collected bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients whose urine is sterile is debatable in patients who are candidates for transurethral resection of the prostate. Most of the time, the antibiotic agent used is not specific for any of the bacteria recovered from the various sources analyzed.

International prostate symptom score - IPSS - AUA as discriminat scale in 400 male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the total symptom score, irritative and obstructive domains of IPSS questions regarding quality of life and the urodynamic diagnosis in 400 men with LUTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred consecutive male patients were prospectively enrolled after being submitted to full urodynamic evaluation and IPSS. Obstructed and non-obstructed patients were compared regarding the symptoms score and quality of life. Results were assessed through Wilcox, ANOVA and Student-t tests. RESULTS: 80.2 percent were diagnosed as urodynamically obstructed of which 42.4 percent presented detrusor instability in the filling phase. In obstructed patients there were no statistical difference concerning obstructive or irritative questions from IPSS (p = 0.50). It was not possible either to predict which patients presented detrusor instability based on the questionnaire (p = 0.65). Out of seventy-nine cases unobstructed (19.8 percent), 65.4 percent revealed detrusor instability. These cases could not be distinguished from all obstructed men based on the clinical questions measured by IPSS (p = 0.87). Obstructive and irritative questions did not present different indexes than obstructed cases (p = 0.63). Subjective quality of life index did not discriminate obstruction nor it could predict detrusor instability in both groups. CONCLUSION: Clinical symptoms and quality of life index measured by the IPSS as well as its obstructive and irritative domains do not have discriminating power to predict the presence of infravesical obstruction in males with LUTS, demanding objective tools to demonstrate obstruction.

A randomized and prospective study on the value of antibiotic prophylaxis administration in transurethral resection of the prostate

CONTEXTO: A profilaxia antibiótica nas ressecções transuretrais da próstata é uma prática regular e freqüente na clínica urológica. No entanto, seu efeito profilático e bactericida protetor pode ser contestado se procedimentos assépticos são utilizados na realização da cirurgia, sobretudo em pacientes com urina estéril. No caso de infecção urinária, a identificação dos germes para escolha do antibiótico adequado pode ser necessária. OBJETIVO: Verificar a eficácia da antibioticoprofilaxia em pacientes com urina estéril submetidos a ressecção transuretral de próstata. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Prospectivo num centro de referência de tratamento urológico, aberto. LOCAL: Hospital de referência terciária. PARTICIPANTES: 124 pacientes. VARIÁVEIS ESTUDADAS: 124 pacientes consecutivos foram randomicamente divididos em dois grupos para receber ou não antibioticoterapia profilática na ressecção transuretral de próstata. Cultura do meato uretral, urina, líquido irrigante e anti-séptico, além dos fragmentos de próstata ressecados foram analisados quanto a sensibilidade a antibióticos, escolhidos a critério do cirurgião, e determinada a partir de antibiograma com as cepas bacterianas identificadas nos sítios mencionados. RESULTADOS: Não se encontrou diferença estatisticamente significante na evolução clínica de ambos os grupos. Aqueles que receberam antibioticoprofilaxia apresentaram menor freqüência de cultura urinária positiva do que aqueles que não receberam profilaxia. No entanto, na observação da evolução clínica de ambos os grupos, o uso de antibiótico não mostrou qualquer benefício no que concerne à ocorrência de febre, positividade das culturas obtidas dos fragmentos de próstata ressecados ou episódios de bacteremia. 68 casos (57,1%) apresentaram cultura positiva do tecido prostático. Entretanto, não houve correlação entre a bactéria identificada a partir do tecido prostático e de outros locais, tais como meato, urina, líquido irrigante ou anti-séptico utilizado. Somente em seis casos foi encontrada a mesma bactéria no tecido prostático e na urina pós-operatória. Apenas em 15 casos (25%) do grupo antibiótico observou-se a sensibilidade esperada da bactéria identificada ao antibiótico utilizado...

International Prostate Symptom Score--IPSS-AUA as discriminat scale in 400 male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the total symptom score, irritative and obstructive domains of IPSS questions regarding quality of life and the urodynamic diagnosis in 400 men with LUTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred consecutive male patients were prospectively enrolled after being submitted to full urodynamic evaluation and IPSS. Obstructed and non-obstructed patients were compared regarding the symptoms score and quality of life. Results were assessed through Wilcox, ANOVA and Student-t tests. RESULTS: 80.2% were diagnosed as urodynamically obstructed of which 42.4% presented detrusor instability in the filling phase. In obstructed patients there were no statistical difference concerning obstructive or irritative questions from IPSS (p = 0.50). It was not possible either to predict which patients presented detrusor instability based on the questionnaire (p = 0.65). Out of seventy-nine cases unobstructed (19.8%), 65.4% revealed detrusor instability. These cases could not be distinguished from all obstructed men based on the clinical questions measured by IPSS (p = 0.87). Obstructive and irritative questions did not present different indexes than obstructed cases (p = 0.63). Subjective quality of life index did not discriminate obstruction nor it could predict detrusor instability in both groups. CONCLUSION: Clinical symptoms and quality of life index measured by the IPSS as well as its obstructive and irritative domains do not have discriminating power to predict the presence of infravesical obstruction in males with LUTS, demanding objective tools to demonstrate obstruction.

Complications in radical cystectomy performed at a teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVES: Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion has been the standard treatment to infiltrative bladder neoplasms. We have analyzed a series of radical cystectomies performed by residents at a school hospital and compared the rates of complications in this series with those reported in literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period of December 1996 to December 2000, 59 surgeries were performed by 8 residents in our department, always oversaw by the same assistant. We have analyzed age, gender, pathological staging, type of diversion used, surgical time, need for blood transfusion and blood volume used during surgery, immediate complications (1 to 30 days), late complications, and follow-up time. RESULTS: There were 51 men and 8 women. Mean age was 61.3 years (28 to 89), and the majority of the group was over 60 years (60%). Mean follow-up time was 8.5 months (3 to 36). Camey II ileal neobladder was used in 36 (62%) cases, ureterosigmoidostomy in 8 (13.8%), Bricker in 12 (20.7%), and Mainz-Pouch II diversion in 2 (3.5%) cases. Blood transfusion was required in 25 (42%) cases. Immediate complications were observed in 19% of the patients, and late complications in 19% as well. CONCLUSION: When oversaw by an experienced surgeon, a resident gathers the conditions to perform a radical cystectomy, without significant increase in complication rates.